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10.读写分离架构-Atlas

第10节 读写分离架构-Atlas

第1章 Atlas介绍

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#Atlas是由 Qihoo 360, Web平台部基础架构团队开发维护的一个基于MySQL协议的数据中间层项目。
它是在mysql-proxy 0.8.2版本的基础上,对其进行了优化,增加了一些新的功能特性。
360内部使用Atlas运行的mysql业务,每天承载的读写请求数达几十亿条。
#下载地址
https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases
#注意:
1、Atlas只能安装运行在64位的系统上
2、Centos 5.X安装 Atlas-XX.el5.x86_64.rpm,Centos 6.X安装Atlas-XX.el6.x86_64.rpm。
3、后端mysql版本应大于5.1,建议使用Mysql 5.6以上

第2章 安装配置

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[root@db03 ~]# yum -y install Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf
mv test.cnf test.cnf.bak
cat > test.cnf <<EOF
[mysql-proxy]
admin-username = user
admin-password = pwd
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.1.55:3306
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.1.51:3306,10.0.1.53:3306
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=
daemon = true
keepalive = true
event-threads = 8
log-level = message
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
sql-log=ON
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
charset=utf8
EOF

#启动atlas
[root@db03 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
[root@db03 ~]# netstat -lnp|grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33060 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1470/mysql-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2345 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1470/mysql-proxy
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1214/mysqld
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 20238 1214/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock

第3章 Atlas功能测试

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#测试读操作:
mysql -umha -pmha -h 10.0.1.53 -P 33060
db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 53 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 51 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#测试写操作:
db03 [(none)]>begin;select @@server_id;commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 52 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

第4章 生产用户要求

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#开发人员申请一个应用用户 app(  select  update  insert)  密码123456,要通过10网段登录
1. 在主库中,创建用户
grant select,update,insert on *.* to app@'10.0.1.%' identified by '123456';
2. 在atlas中添加生产用户
[root@db03 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123456 ----> 制作加密密码
/iZxz+0GRoA=
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# vim test.cnf
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,app:/iZxz+0GRoA=
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart
[root@db03 conf]# mysql -uapp -p123456 -h 10.0.1.53 -P 33060

第5章 Atlas基本管理

连接管理接口

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[root@db03 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P2345

打印帮助

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db03 [(none)]>select * from help;
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| command | description |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| SELECT * FROM help | shows this help |
| SELECT * FROM backends | lists the backends and their state |
| SET OFFLINE $backend_id | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id | online backend server, ... |
| ADD MASTER $backend | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ... |
| ADD SLAVE $backend | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ... |
| REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ... |
| SELECT * FROM clients | lists the clients |
| ADD CLIENT $client | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ... |
| REMOVE CLIENT $client | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ... |
| SELECT * FROM pwds | lists the pwds |
| ADD PWD $pwd | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ... |
| ADD ENPWD $pwd | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ... |
| REMOVE PWD $pwd | example: "remove pwd user", ... |
| SAVE CONFIG | save the backends to config file |
| SELECT VERSION | display the version of Atlas |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询后端所有节点信息

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db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.1.55:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.1.51:3306 | up | ro |
| 3 | 10.0.1.53:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

动态添加删除节点

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REMOVE BACKEND 3;               #动态删除节点
ADD SLAVE 10.0.1.53:3306; #动态添加节点
SAVE CONFIG; #保存配置

常用功能

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SELECT * FROM backends;	 ----->查了所有节点
SET OFFLINE $backend_id/SET ONLINE $backend_id --->下线、上线
REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id /ADD SLAVE $backend --->删除、添加节点
SELECT * FROM pwds / REMOVE PWD $pwd/ ADD PWD $pwd --->查看用户、密码,在线添加删除
save config; --->保存配置

第6章 自动分表

6.1 介绍

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使用Atlas的分表功能时,首先需要在配置文件test.cnf设置tables参数。
tables参数设置格式:数据库名.表名.分表字段.子表数量,
比如:
你的数据库名叫school,表名叫stu,分表字段叫id,总共分为2张表,那么就写为school.stu.id.2,如果还有其他的分表,以逗号分隔即可。

第7章 读写分离建议

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MySQL-Router    ---> MySQL官方
ProxySQL --->Percona
Maxscale ---> MariaDB
文章作者: Wu Fei
文章链接: http://linuxwf.com/2020/04/15/10-%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84-Atlas/
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特别声明外,均采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来自 WF's Blog
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